K-Means contraint#

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Les k-means construisent des clusters qui ne sont pas forcément équilibrés. Comment modifier l’algorithme original pour que ce soit le cas ?

from jyquickhelper import add_notebook_menu
add_notebook_menu()

Un échantillon aléatoire#

from sklearn.datasets import make_blobs
n_samples = 100
data = make_blobs(n_samples=n_samples, n_features=2, centers=2, cluster_std=1.0,
                  center_box=(-10.0, 0.0), shuffle=True, random_state=2)
X1 = data[0]
data = make_blobs(n_samples=n_samples//2, n_features=2, centers=2, cluster_std=1.0,
                  center_box=(0.0, 10.0), shuffle=True, random_state=2)
X2 = data[0]

import numpy
X = numpy.vstack([X1, X2])
X.shape
(150, 2)
%matplotlib inline
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
fig, ax = plt.subplots(1, 1, figsize=(4, 4))
ax.plot(X[:, 0], X[:, 1], '.')
ax.set_title('4 clusters');
../_images/constraint_kmeans_5_0.png

k-means classique#

Le modèles des k-means classique.

from sklearn.cluster import KMeans
km = KMeans(n_clusters=4)
km.fit(X)
cl = km.predict(X)
colors = 'brgy'
fig, ax = plt.subplots(1, 1, figsize=(4, 4))
for i in range(0, max(cl)+1):
    ax.plot(X[cl == i, 0], X[cl == i, 1], colors[i] + '.', label='cl%d' % i)
    x = [km.cluster_centers_[i, 0], km.cluster_centers_[i, 0]]
    y = [km.cluster_centers_[i, 1], km.cluster_centers_[i, 1]]
    ax.plot(x, y, colors[i] + '+')
ax.set_title('KMeans 4 clusters')
ax.legend();
../_images/constraint_kmeans_8_0.png

k-means contraint#

Et maintenant la version où chaque cluster contient approximativement le même nombre de points.

not finished yet

import warnings
warnings.simplefilter("ignore", FutureWarning)
from mlinsights.mlmodel import ConstraintKMeans
km = ConstraintKMeans(n_clusters=4, balanced_predictions=True)
km.fit(X)
cl = km.predict(X)
fig, ax = plt.subplots(1, 1, figsize=(4, 4))
for i in range(0, max(cl)+1):
    ax.plot(X[cl == i, 0], X[cl == i, 1], colors[i] + '.', label='cl%d' % i)
    x = [km.cluster_centers_[i, 0], km.cluster_centers_[i, 0]]
    y = [km.cluster_centers_[i, 1], km.cluster_centers_[i, 1]]
    ax.plot(x, y, colors[i] + '+')
ax.set_title('ConstraintKMeans 4 clusters')
ax.legend();
../_images/constraint_kmeans_12_0.png

L’algorithme essaye d’échanger des points entre deux classes balancées, l’échange est conservé si cela améliore l’inertie du nuage total, voir Same-size k-Means Variation.

k-means contraint - variantes#

Une autre variante plus simple qui consiste à affecter d’abord les points proches du centre le plus proche, les points les plus éloignés sont traités en dernier et affectés à ce qui reste. Les clusters construits ne sont plus convexes.

from mlinsights.mlmodel import ConstraintKMeans

res = {}
for strategy in ['distance', 'gain']:
    km = ConstraintKMeans(n_clusters=4, balanced_predictions=True, strategy=strategy)
    km.fit(X)
    cl = km.predict(X)
    res[strategy] = (cl, km)

fig, axs = plt.subplots(1, 2, figsize=(10, 4))
nb = 0
for k, v in sorted(res.items()):
    ax = axs[nb]
    cl, km = v
    for i in range(0, max(cl)+1):
        ax.plot(X[cl == i, 0], X[cl == i, 1], colors[i] + '.', label='cl%d' % i)
        x = [km.cluster_centers_[i, 0], km.cluster_centers_[i, 0]]
        y = [km.cluster_centers_[i, 1], km.cluster_centers_[i, 1]]
        ax.plot(x, y, colors[i] + '+')
    ax.set_title('ConstraintKMeans - ' + k)
    ax.legend()
    nb += 1
../_images/constraint_kmeans_15_0.png

On vérifie que la version distance ne paraît pas optimal à la périphérie des clusters. La version gain n’est pas encore parfaite. On regarde le résultat sans initialisation préalable de avec un k-means classique.

from mlinsights.mlmodel import ConstraintKMeans

res = {}
for strategy in ['distance', 'gain']:
    km = ConstraintKMeans(n_clusters=4, balanced_predictions=True,
                          strategy=strategy, kmeans0=False,
                          random_state=0)
    km.fit(X)
    cl = km.predict(X)
    res[strategy] = (cl, km)

fig, axs = plt.subplots(1, 2, figsize=(10, 4))
nb = 0
for k, v in sorted(res.items()):
    ax = axs[nb]
    cl, km = v
    for i in range(0, max(cl)+1):
        ax.plot(X[cl == i, 0], X[cl == i, 1], colors[i] + '.', label='cl%d' % i)
        x = [km.cluster_centers_[i, 0], km.cluster_centers_[i, 0]]
        y = [km.cluster_centers_[i, 1], km.cluster_centers_[i, 1]]
        ax.plot(x, y, colors[i] + '+')
    ax.set_title('ConstraintKMeans - ' + k)
    ax.legend()
    nb += 1
../_images/constraint_kmeans_17_0.png